Illustrated Stages of atherosclerotic Plague Development. Atherosclerosis is a vascular destructive condition of the blood vessel so that the wall of an artery holds an accumulation of a cholesterol-based materials. “Arthero” refers to the artery. “-sclerosis” means hardening or loss of elasticity of a blood vessel. This is a digital illustration created as part of a traditional flipbook. It has been purchased and copyrighted by Merck Pharmaceutical, 2000. Medical illustration prepared by Laura Maaske – Medimagery LLC. Below is an explanation of the atherosclerotic progression.